Freight Class Explained: How LTL Classes Work (With Density Chart)
The 18 LTL freight classes from 50 to 500, how density sets your class, and how to avoid reclassification fees. Includes a free freight class calculator.
Updated October 24, 2026 · 7 min read
What freight class is
Freight class is how LTL (less-than-truckload) carriers price shipments. Every commodity has an NMFC item number and a class between 50 and 500. Low classes are dense, sturdy goods that are cheap to move per pound; high classes are light, bulky or fragile.
The four factors
- Density — pounds per cubic foot (the main factor for most goods).
- Stowability — can it be stacked and loaded with other freight?
- Handling — does it need special care?
- Liability — how likely is damage or theft, and how valuable is it?
NMFC density scale (effective July 19, 2025)
In 2025 the NMFC moved many items to a single density-based scale. If your commodity uses it, density alone sets the class:
| Density (lb/ft³) | Class |
|---|---|
| 50 or more | 50 |
| 35 – 50 | 55 |
| 30 – 35 | 60 |
| 22.5 – 30 | 65 |
| 15 – 22.5 | 70 |
| 12 – 15 | 85 |
| 10 – 12 | 92.5 |
| 8 – 10 | 100 |
| 6 – 8 | 125 |
| 4 – 6 | 175 |
| 2 – 4 | 250 |
| 1 – 2 | 300 |
| Less than 1 | 400 |
Work out your class in seconds with the freight class calculator.
Avoiding reclassification fees
- Measure the full handling unit including the pallet, to the highest point.
- Weigh on a certified scale, not an estimate.
- Put the NMFC item number on the bill of lading, not just the class.
- Pack to stack: squared, shrink-wrapped pallets reduce handling claims.
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Frequently asked questions
How many freight classes are there?
The NMFC uses 18 classes, from 50 (dense, durable freight) to 500 (very light, bulky or fragile freight). The density scale introduced in 2025 maps densities to 13 of them.
Who sets freight class?
The National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA) publishes the National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC), which LTL carriers use to price shipments.
Does a lower freight class mean a lower price?
Generally yes. Lower classes are for dense, easy-to-handle freight that is cheaper per pound to move.
Related guides
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- How to Import Goods into the U.S.: A Step-by-Step Guide for First-Time Importers
- Customs Broker vs Freight Forwarder: What’s the Difference and Do You Need Both?
This guide is general information, not legal advice. Rules and rates change — confirm requirements with CBP, FMCSA or the FMC before you ship.